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Leadership under review: case studies 

Catherine the Great

Absolute power and yet not powerful enough: reforms in Catherine the Great's Tsarist Russia

Situation:

Objective:

Conditional

Stabilize

The strategy:

Adapt

Abraham Lincoln

The Emancipation Proclamation: reframing a war to win it

Situation:

Objective:

Constrained

Stabilize

The strategy:

Adapt

George Washington

America's first commander-in-chief: holding a fragile army together against all odds

Situation:

Objective:

Fragile

Survival

The strategy:

Restraint

Otto von Bismarck

Unifying the German Reich by provoking a war with France

Situation:

Objective:

Conditional

Dominate

The strategy:

Use force

George Washington

America's first president: building a republic that could outlast its founder

Situation:

Objective:

Unchallenged

Stabilize

The strategy:

Restraint

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